Pre-Service Teachers’ Level of Awareness and Extent of Utilization of Artificial Intelligence Tools for Educational Purposes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46328/ijses.7871Keywords:
Pre-Service Teachers, AI Awareness, AI Utilization, AI for Educational Purposes, AI ToolsAbstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in education offers transformative potential for teaching and learning; however, their adoption in Nigerian teacher education remains limited. This study investigates pre-service teachers’ awareness, utilization, and perceived barriers to AI tool use in three Nigerian College of Education. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from a sample of 300 pre-service teachers through a questionnaire adapted from Asongo et al. (2024). Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, were employed to analyze the data. Results reveal that pre-service teachers demonstrated high awareness and frequent use of popular AI tools such as ChatGPT (mean = 3.79 for awareness; 3.67 for utilization), while awareness and utilization of other specialized tools were moderate. Most respondents disagreed that ethical concerns, bias, and usability issues pose significant barriers; however, cost and accessibility were identified as notable challenges (mean = 2.52). These findings underscore infrastructural and economic factors as primary impediments to wider AI adoption. The study recommends integrating AI literacy into teacher education curricula, conducting practical training workshops, subsidizing access to AI platforms, improving digital infrastructure, and embedding ethical considerations in AI usage guidelines.
References
Adebayo, F. O., & Yusuf, . O. (2023). Challenges of technology integration in Nigerian teacher education institutions. Nigerian Journal of Educational Technology, 17(2), 45–58.
Adeleke, A. A., & Olayemi, A. (2021). Challenges of integrating artificial intelligence into teacher education in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Educational Technology, 15(2), 33–46.
Afolabi, A. O., Ogunyemi, B. T., & Ilesanmi, S. A. (2023). Artificial intelligence in education: Prospects and pitfalls in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Educational Technology in Africa, 8(1), 21–34.
Akinbo, B. R., Eze, S. C., & Afolayan, O. A. (2023). Exploring AI tools for innovative teaching in Nigerian higher education. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 11(3), 52–65.
Asongo, A. A., Okafor, E. N., & Bello, K. A. (2024). Awareness and utilization of artificial intelligence tools among educators in Nigerian universities. Nigerian Journal of Teacher Education and Development, 9(1), 14–27.
Aydin, S. (2023). ChatGPT in education: Potential and concerns. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00418-5
Bello, A. A., & Olanrewaju, F. A. (2022). Digital learning and AI tools in Nigerian universities: A survey of pre-service teacher perspectives. African Journal of Technology in Education, 10(1), 33–48.
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education: Promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign. https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/AI-in-Education.pdf
Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchenhoff, H., Bannert, M., & Fischer, F. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
Kirkwood, A., & Price, L. (2014). Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher education: What is 'enhanced' and how do we know? A critical literature review. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(1), 6–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2013.770404
Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60–70.
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054.
OECD. (2023). Artificial intelligence in education: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/artificial-intelligence-in-education.pdf
Onuoha, C., & Oyeniran, J. O. (2022). The digital divide in Nigeria: Implications for equitable access to e-learning and AI tools in tertiary education. Journal of African Educational Research, 5(2), 21–35.
Premium Times. (2025, March 12). Experts advocate AI-driven curriculum to transform Nigeria’s education system. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/787060-expert-advocates-ai-driven-curriculum-to-transform-nigerias-education-system.html
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
Shiohira, K., & Dale-Jones, B. (2022). AI and the futures of education: Towards a policy framework. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137
Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14.
Spurs Media. (2024, January 10). Artificial intelligence in Nigerian education: Opportunities and challenges. https://spursmedia.com/artificial-intelligence-in-education/
Sultan, S., Boateng, F., & Amankwah, P. (2024). Pre-service teachers' perceptions and use of AI tools in Ghanaian universities. African Journal of Educational Technology, 6(1), 33–49.
The Guardian Nigeria. (2025, February 27). FG trains 6000 teachers in AI pedagogy. https://guardian.ng/news/fg-trains-6000-teachers-in-ai-pedagogy/
UNESCO. (2021). AI and education: Guidance for policy-makers. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000376709
UNESCO. (2022). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379707
UNESCO. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000385587
Zawacki‐Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education: Where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zhai, X., Chu, H. E., Wang, M., & Han, Y. (2023). AI and the TPACK framework: Implications for teacher education in the digital era. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13292
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Studies in Education and Science

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Authors alone are responsible for the contents of their articles. The journal owns the copyright of the articles. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of the research material.
The author(s) of a manuscript agree that if the manuscript is accepted for publication in the International Journal of Studies in Education and Science (IJSES), the published article will be copyrighted using a Creative Commons “Attribution 4.0 International” license. This license allows others to freely copy, distribute, and display the copyrighted work, and derivative works based upon it, under certain specified conditions.
Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission to include any images or artwork for which they do not hold copyright in their articles, or to adapt any such images or artwork for inclusion in their articles. The copyright holder must be made explicitly aware that the image(s) or artwork will be made freely available online as part of the article under a Creative Commons “Attribution 4.0 International” license.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
